Silicon

All about silicon (Si)

· How to get a name of silicon (Si) Silicon was discovered by Jöns Jacob Berzelius, a Swedish chemist, in 1824 by heating chips of [|potassium] in a silica container and then carefully washing away the residual by-products. [Source] = []

· Symbol, Atomic number, and atomic mass

1) Atomic Number: 14 2) Atomic Weight: 28.0855 3) Phase at Room Temperature: Solid 4) Element Classification: Semi-metal 5) Period Number: 3 6) Group Number: 14 Group Name: none 7) Symbol : Si

[Source] <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; line-height: 115%;">= [] · <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Number of protons, element, and neutrons

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in;">Silicon's atomic number is 14. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in;">Therefore it has 14 protons and 14 electrons. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in;">Now take the Atomic Mass, and subtract 14 from that number and you should get the right amount <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in;">of neutrons.

<span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; line-height: 115%;">[Source] <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; line-height: 115%;">=http://wiki.answers.com/Q/How_many_protons_neutrons_and_electrons_are_in_silicon · <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Where did we find the silicon <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; line-height: 115%;">( Silicon Valley ) Silicon Valley is the original home to the semiconductor chip making industry that uses silicon (fine sand!) as a basic raw material, prompting a newspaper writer one day to call it Silicon Valley. <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; line-height: 115%;">[ Source ] <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; line-height: 115%;">= [] · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt;">What form does silicon have ?

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; margin-left: 0.5in;">( Covalent Bonds :) Because it has more than one compound with it

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; margin-left: 0.5in;">[ Source ] <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; margin-left: 0.5in;">=http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Does_Silicon_form_covalent_or_ionic_bonds

· <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Physical facts

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; line-height: normal; margin: 6pt 6pt 6pt 0.5in;">1) Melting Point: 1687 K (1414°C or 2577°F) <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; line-height: normal; margin: 6pt 6pt 6pt 0.5in;">2) Boiling Point: 3538 K (3265°C or 5909°F) <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; line-height: normal; margin: 6pt 6pt 6pt 0.5in;">3) Density: 2.3296 grams per cubic centimeter <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; line-height: 115%;">4) <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif';">Abundance in Earth's crust: second most abundant element in the world.

<span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; line-height: 115%;">[Source] <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; line-height: 115%;">= [] <span style="display: block; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Use <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; margin-left: 0.5in;">Silicon is one of man's most useful elements. In the form of sand and clay it is used to make concrete and brick; it is a useful refractory material for high-temperature work, and in the form of silicates it is used in making enamels, pottery, etc. Silica, as sand, is a principal ingredient of glass, one of the most inexpensive of materials with excellent mechanical, optical, thermal, and electrical properties. Glass can be made in a very great variety of shapes, and is used as containers, window glass, insulators, and thousands of other uses. Silicon tetrachloride can be used as iridize glass. <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; margin-left: 0.5in;">Hyperpure silicon can be doped with [|boron], [|gallium], [|phosphorus], or [|arsenic] to produce silicon for use in transistors, solar cells, rectifiers, and other solid-state devices which are used extensively in the electronics and space-age industries. <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; margin-left: 0.5in;">Hydrogenated amorphous silicon has shown promise in producing economical cells for converting solar energy into electricity. <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; margin-left: 0.5in;">Silicon is important to plant and animal life. Diatoms in both fresh and salt water extract Silica from the water to build their cell walls. Silica is present in the ashes of plants and in the human skeleton. Silicon is an important ingredient in steel; silicon carbide is one of the most important abrasives and has been used in lasers to produce coherent light of 4560 A. <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; margin-left: 0.5in;">Silcones are important products of silicon. They may be prepared by hydrolyzing a silicon organic chloride, such as dimethyl silicon chloride. Hydrolysis and condensation of various substituted chlorosilanes can be used to produce a very great number of polymeric products, or silicones, ranging from liquids to hard, glasslike solids with many useful properties. <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; line-height: 115%;">[Source]

<span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; margin-left: 0.5in;">= [] · <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt;">Interesting Facts <span style="color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; text-align: center;">Is the 2nd most abundant element in the earths crust!

Never occurs as a free element, it is always mixed with an other element!!

8th most abundant in the universe!!!

When mixed with oxygen it forms silica which is usually found as sand!!!!

Only 2 elements make up almost 3/4 of the Earth's crust!!!!!

Uses

Is used when turning solar energy into electricity!!!!!!

Used to make concrete an/or brick!!!!!!!

Silica is whats used to make glass!!!!!!!!

It is in electronic devices, for the space industry!!!!!!!!!

It is one of the important ingredients to make steel!!!!!!!!!!
 * 1) <span style="color: black; display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif';">Element symbol: Si
 * 2) <span style="color: black; display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif';">Atomic number: 14
 * 3) <span style="color: black; display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif';">Atomic mass: 28 amu
 * 4) <span style="color: black; display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif';">Common isotopes: Si-28, Si-29, Si-30, Si-31, and Si-32
 * 5) <span style="color: black; display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif';">Common uses for element: glass, semiconductors, computer hardware, body modification
 * 6) <span style="color: black; display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif';">Melting point: 2570 degrees Fahrenheit or 1410 degrees Celsius
 * 7) <span style="color: black; display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif';">Boiling point: 4271 degrees Fahrenheit or 2355 degrees Celsius
 * 8) <span style="color: black; display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif';">Metal, nonmetal, or metalloid: metalloid
 * 9) <span style="color: black; display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif';">Physical state at room temperature: solid
 * 10) <span style="color: black; display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif';">Origin of name: from the Latin word silex (flint)
 * 11) <span style="color: black; display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif';">Sources of element: found in clay, granite, quartz, and sand
 * 12) <span style="color: black; display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif';">Common compounds in which the element is found: Silabenzene, silicone, silicon alkoxide, Silanol, silyl hydride, Siloxane, and Silylene.
 * 13) <span style="color: black; display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif';">Density: 2.329 g/cm3
 * 14) <span style="color: black; display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif';">Abundance in Earth's crust: second most abundant element in the world.
 * 15) <span style="color: black; display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif';">Cost per pound: $1.45
 * 16) <span style="color: black; display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif';">Date of discovery: 1789
 * 17) <span style="color: black; display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif';">Discoverer: Antoine Lavoisier

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">[ Source ] <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif';">= <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; line-height: 115%;">http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_10_fun_facts_about_silicon