Niobium

=Welcome to the Wiki About Niobium: Introduction= In this wiki, there is plenty of information to learn about the element, Niobium. Information includes its discovery, atomic number, atomic mass, symbol origin, and much more.

Particles:

 * Name: Niobium
 * Number of Protons: 41
 * Number of Neutrons: 52
 * Number of Electrons: 41

Atomics:

 * Atomic Number: 41
 * Atomic Mass: 92.90638 AMU
 * Melting Point: 2,468 degrees Celsius
 * Boiling Point: 4,927 degrees Celsius

The measurement, AMU, "Is used to express the mass of atoms and molecules," according to sizes.com/units. It is the equivalency of 1.660538782 X 10 to the power of −27 kilograms.

Discovery:[[image:Charles_Hatchett.jpg align="right" caption="Charles Hatchett"]]

 * Year of Initial Discovery: 1801
 * Original Discoverer: Charles Hatchett
 * Obtained from Columbium

It was originally discovered by Charles Hatchet in 1801, who discovered Columbium. The ore was sent to England in the 1750s by John Winthrop, who was the first governor of Connecticut. It was rediscovered by Heinrich Rose and Jean Charles in 1846 as an element found in Columbium. Christian Blomstrand first "prepared" the metal in 1864.

Name Origin:
Niobium was named after Niobe, daughter of the mythical king, Tantalus.

What is a Transition Metal?[[image:Silicon-unit-cell-3D-balls.png width="344" height="334" align="right" caption="Cubic Crystal Structure"]]
Niobium is classified as a transition metal. There are 38 transition metals in the periodic table. Transition metals are, "the transition elements are both ductile (manageable) and malleable (moldable), and conduct electricity and heat," according to chemicalelements.com. These elements have valence electrons, or electrons that causes elements to combine, are present in more than one shell. Other transition metals include iron, nickel, and cobalt.

Crystal Structure:
A crystal is the structure of the molecule; the crystal structure of Niobium is cubic. The cubic crystal structure means that the atoms are arranged in a cube; although, perfect cubic molecules are very rare. Cubic structures are easy to bend and distort, such as Niobium.

Other Information:

 * Density: 8.57g/cm3
 * Color: Silvery Gray

Interesting Facts:

 * It is the 33rd most common element in the earth's crust
 * It is a solid at room temperature (20 degrees Celsius)
 * It is most commonly used in equipment that leaves Earth

media type="youtube" key="Mr2hnIheDxQ" height="354" width="547" align="right"﻿Isotopes:
Isotopes are molecules where one of the atoms have the same atomic mass, but a different number of neutrons.


 * Isotope: || Half Life: ||
 * Nb-90 || 14 Hours, 36 Minutes ||
 * Nb-91 || 700 Years ||
 * Nb-91m || 62 days ||
 * Nb-92 || 3.6E7 Years=36,000,000 Years ||
 * Nb-93 || Stable ||
 * Nb-93m || 16.1 Years ||
 * Nb-94 || 20,000 Years ||
 * Nb-95 || 34.97 days ||
 * Nb-95m || 3.61 days ||
 * Nb-96 || 23.4 hours ||
 * Nb-97 || 1.23 hours ||
 * Nb-97m || 58.1 seconds ||

[[image:713430.jpg width="212" height="196" align="right" caption="Steel Alloys"]]﻿Uses:
Niobium is often used in tantalum capacitors, steel alloys, tantalum plating, hot metal spraying, arc welding, and super-conductivity research. Niobium commonly used on lenses and it may be used in generators because it conducts eletricity.

Bibliography:
Bentor, Yinon. __Chemical Element.com - Niobium__. Feb. 28, 2011. < [] >.

"Facts About Niobium." Facts-About.org/uk, 2011. Web. 28 Feb 2011. < [] >.

"Silicon-unit-cell-3D-balls." //reference.findtarget.com//. Web. 3 Mar 2011. .

"Atomic Structure." //Niobium (Nb)//. Web. 3 Mar 2011. .

"713430." //Alloys Steel, Alloys Stainless Steel, Metal Alloys Steel Exporters from India//. Web. 3 Mar 2011. .

"Periodic_table_of_elements." //History of the Development of the Periodic Table of Elements//. Web. 3 Mar 2011. [].

Created by Ethyn R 3rd Hour