Boron

Boron: Discovered in 1808 by Sir Humphrey Davy, Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac and Louis Jacques Thenard

v Symbol: B   v Atomic number: 5 v Atomic mass: 10.811 v Protons :5 v Electrons:5 v Neutrons:6

v Found: usually found in boron mines in different countries ( Turkey, USA, Argentina, Chile, Russia, China, and Peru



Form: solid (nonmagnetic) 

Melting point: 2300.0 degrees C (4172.0 degrees F)

Boiling point: 2550.0 degrees C ( 4622.0 degrees F)

Density:2.34 g/cm3 Abundance in the earth’s crust: 10 ppm ( parts per million)

Uses: used in agriculture as it plays a notable role in plant fertilisation and in building of cell wall structures, It gives distinctive green flame, hence used in pyrotechnic flares, advanced aerospace structures as a component of composite materials, reducing aldehydes and ketones to alcohols, and in P-type semiconductors as dopant.

Crystal structure: Rhombohedra

Oxidation state: +3

Atomic radius: 85 pm



Covalent radius: 82 pm  Heat of fusion: 50.2 kJ mol-1



Heat of vaporization:  480 kJ mol-1

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